Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) - Definition, Stages, Prognosis: Notes, Slides, Video
It is easier to learn by watching a video, to Watch Click here HIE is an insult to the fetus or newborn due to a lack of Oxygen (hypoxia) and / or a lack of perfusion (ischemia) to various organs. It is often associated with tissue lactic acidosis and hypercarbia. Hypoxia is an evolving process that starts at the onset of the insult and continues after resuscitation and thereafter manifests in form of sequelae These manifestations change over time and are clinically noted in babies of gestational age more than 36 weeks by classification on the basis of Levene stages of HIE. Stage 1 HIE / Mild HIE: Irritability Hypotonia Seizures Absent Poor Suck Stage 2 HIE / Moderate HIE: Lethargy Marked Hypotonia Seizures Present Unable to Suck Stage 3 HIE / Severe HIE: Comatose Severe Hypotonia Prolonged Seizures Unable to sustain spontaneous respiration Prognosis: Stage 1 : Good prognosis Stage 2 : 20% - Adverse neurological outcomes Stage 3 : 50% - Dies 50% - Poor neurodevelopmental outcom